SELECT 
  id_path 
FROM 
  cscart_categories 
WHERE 
  category_id IN (179, 182)

Query time 0.00038

Explain
id select_type table type possible_keys key key_len ref rows Extra
1 SIMPLE cscart_categories range PRIMARY,p_category_id PRIMARY 3 2 Using index condition

Result

id_path
166/177/179
166/177/182